Nick,
If those are the original brake pads, and you have never had a brake job done, or the fluid flushed, then you probably need a complete brake overhaul which includes replacing or rebuilding the calipers and possibly the rear wheel cylinders
The problem is that brake fluid attracts moisture in the air and since water is heavier than brake fluid, the water settles to the lowest parts of the brake system which is the calipers and wheel cylinders. That water is very corrosive and will cause brake pistons to stick and the heat will turn the water to steam causing very erradic brake performance.
You can rebuild the calipers and wheel cylinders, but sometimes they are so corroded you cannot rebuild them. I always buy rebuilt calipers from a reputable autoparts store. Many rebuilt calipers come with 50K mile to lifetime warranties...and they are not all that expensive.
Also, you should flush the brake fluid every 2-3 years to remove the old contaminated fluid and prevent corrosion damage to the calipers and wheel cylinders.
Another tip is DO NOT push the pistons back into their bores when installing new brake pads, without opening the bleed nut. If you just push the pistons back, it pushes all that contaminated fluid back up into the ABS unit and if that gets corroded, you are in for some very expensive repairs $$$. I always recommend that you open the bleed screw and drain out that old fluid and Flush out all the old fluid everytime you do a brake job or every 2-3 years, whichever comes first. Yes, that means you will have to bleed the brakes, but it's the only way to insure you will have good brakes.
Since you have already replaced your pads and you still have the same brake problems, install rebuilt calipers and flush the brake system...I'll bet that will get your brakes working again.
...Rich